Wednesday, January 29, 2020
My Big Fat Greek Wedding Essay Example for Free
My Big Fat Greek Wedding Essay In order for counsellors to help their clients evaluate their values in either work or personal issues, they make them look towards both their values and interests. In a study conducted by Neville and Saber (1986), it was found that â€Å"values are the objectives sought in behaviour, whereas interests are the activities in which values are sought. †Therefore, values determine why an individual may undertake a certain activity, whereas interests dictate what a person chooses to do. It has also been suggested that values are more correlated with work satisfaction (Rounds, 1990) as opposed to interests, which are more connected to the choices one may make in their career. The film, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, broaches the subject of values in a very intricate manner. The protagonist, Toula Portokalos, is brought up on three essential values; `Marry a Greek boy, have Greek babies, and feed everyone. ’ As a result, she begins to resent everything Greek, as she feels that being Greek has overtaken everything she wants for herself. To the extent, that when she meets a man who is a regular American, she is almost ashamed of disclosing the fact that she comes form a Greek family. Dating a non-Greek and then eventually her decision to marry him evokes a guilt within her. This is because her parents have always taught her that marrying a Greek man and inevitably bearing his children is one of the fundamental points to her existence, the reason her parents had worked so hard to give her the comfortable life she has had. Therefore, she is made to feel indebted to them. At this point, we see a classic incongruence between values and interests. On the one hand, we have her intrinsic values, what she wants for herself, personally, juxtaposed to the extrinsic values she needs to fulfil in order maintain her prestige, status, etc. It is interesting to see how despite the fact that Toula resents the Greek values she has been brought up with, it is her values that Ian, her fiance, adopts when they decide to get married. For example, he converts to her faith, the wedding and reception take place in the Greek manner, and even at the end of the film, when they have a daughter, she is sent to Greek school. Ian is depicted as a ‘WASP-ish’ individual with a very middle-upper class up-bringing. He comes from a family of lawyers and has rebelled against what is expected of him by becoming a teacher and then by marrying a Greek. However, Ian doesn’t demonstrate the same guilt that is seen in Toula. In his academic study A Critical Analysis of Values Clarification, David Lipe argues that Moral education generally has been regarded as an integral part of institutions such as the family, the church and the school. This is very much evident in the film, as both Toula and Ian seem to be products of their environments. Therefore, if this couple were to receive counselling, the values that they have accumulated throughout their lives would be an integral part of the process. This is because values are a direct reflection of our attitudes and therefore our beliefs. For example, if we take Toula’s love for Ian as an example, she is willing to work hard to sustain that love, and to even make sacrifices. She has clearly learnt this ability from her mother, as this is also conveyed within the film. This childhood value therefore becomes a pillar within her personality. If a counsellor was to overlook this whilst counselling her, he would miss a vital component to her personality and therefore risk prescribing the incorrect treatment for her. Values can be assessed by either a values inventory or a values clarification, and counsellors generally utilise these processes to treat people who feel confused or uncomfortable with their values. Both treatments focus on the patient examining their internal blueprint and direction of their lives. These processes provide the means to both be retrospective and evaluating the values that have been instilled within us, which then in turn aids us to set goals and prioritise. Both exercises are carried out in the form of a questionnaire aimed specifically towards the individual’s needs. This allows the patient to decide which goals are important and which may be left aside. The clarification of our values would inevitably help us to strengthen our core values and achieve a wholeness. Inevitably, for the couple depicted in the film, this process would be vital if they were to ever need counselling. As essentially, their values are what makes the essence of them. References http://www. apologeticspress. org/rr/reprints/Critical-Analysis-of-Values-Cla. pdf retrieved 22/01/09 Hood, A. B. and Johnson, R. W. 1997, Assessment in Counselling: A Guide to the use of psychological assessment procedures, American Counselling Association, 3 ed
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
A funeral in my Brain Essay -- essays research papers
I Felt a Funeral in My Brian â€Å"I felt a funeral in my brain†by Emily Dickinson traces the speaker’s descent into madness. It is a terrifying poem for both the speaker and the reader. The speaker experiences the loss of self in the chaos of the unconscious, and the reader experiences the speaker’s descending madness and the horror most of us feel about going crazy. Dickinson uses the metaphor of a funeral to represent the speaker’s sense that a part of her is dying. This is reason for her, being overwhelmed by the irrationality of the unconscious. A funeral is an appropriate image for this ordeal. The most obvious connotation with a funeral is death. Also a funeral is a formal event, whose rules and procedures suggest control and order. The control and order implicit in a funeral contras...
Monday, January 13, 2020
The anthropology of globalization cultural anthropology enters the 21st century Essay
Cultural Anthropology Introduction Are Quang dab peg and epilepsy the same thing?            Throughout the book, the two words are interpreted differently. They seem to mean the same thing as it can be seen through Lia, whereby the Staff of the Merced Hospital conclude that Lia is suffering from Epilepsy, which further translated to Quag dab peg. However, the Hmong culture interpreted this differently. They believed that Quang dab peg is brought by a bad spirit known as dab, which is accountable of stealing the souls of the victims, thus, making the victim suffer. On the other hand, they believed that epilepsy is a western medicine that is used for the treatment of neurological conditions. Though both Quag dab peg and epilepsy has similar symptoms, each culture interpret the symptoms differently. This makes the both of them to appear differently, making the condition of them be different illness that requires different treatment. Drawing from â€Å"The Spirit Catches You†, the Hmong culture holds that the Quag dab peg as a condition with honor whereby the thoughts of the victim has authority to perceive things that are not visible to other people (Fadiman, 20).Therefore, regardless of the perception of the two cultures, the symptoms of the disease that Lia is suffering from is a clear indication that they are the same, thus, the two words, Quagdabs peg and epilepsy represents the same thing. How doctors and TXIVneebs fix bodies and souls in the book â€Å"The Spirit Catches You†           Drawing from the book, â€Å"The Spirit Catches You†, the doctors and the TXIVneebs were responsible for healing the patients. In both cultures, they used different approaches in line with their understanding about the illness. As such, the methods of the doctors caring for Lia is different from the method her parents would have taken. The doctor feels that, Lia conditions to treat her epilepsy is through writing her prescription and giving her dosages. Though the doctors did not understand how frequent to administer the drug, Lia’s parent also holds that it is not right to give their daughter too many tablets. Nevertheless, they opted for traditional Hmong medicine, including herbal and coin. Moreover, Lees also seek assistance of a Shaman, which is a type of alternative medicine famous among Asian-Americans. How the doctors perceived to treat the Lia’s condition was different from her parents’ perception. Wish ing to utilize Shamans goes with their believe about the symptoms of epilepsy. Shamans usually define their patients as missing intact souls and work to diagnose and treat the condition that cannot be treated by a physician (Fadiman, 28). Through this healing method, it is extremely distinct from the traditional forms of healthcare found in America. Lees prefer this method because of their cultural background, but despite the variation in the methods of healing, both the Lia’s and the Lees doctors conclude that they all want Lia to restore her health. Both the doctors are concerned about the end result of the disease as well as the well being of Lia.            In Hmong culture, the Quag dab peg it treated through shamanic rituals whereby the TXIV were responsible for carrying out the ritual. A TXIVneeb treated the patients on a metaphysical plane as in the case of Lia, whereby Lia’s rituals were usually carried to lure her soul back to her in order to restore her welfare. A TXIV placed a bowl containing sacred water in Lia’s room in the anticipation that her soul would come back. Moreover, they would sacrifice pigs in her parents house and place string on Lia’s wrist so as to keep the soul from escaping. Lia’s doctor could not understand the concept of soul loss in the way the TXIV need to understand to negotiate for Lia’s souls. This was one of the things that brought misunderstanding of both cultures. The cause of Lia illness was misinterpreted by both the doctors and her parents, the belief of Lia’s parents was that Lia was suffering from Quag dab peg while the doctors believed that Lia was suffering from epilepsy. As a result, Lia parents opt to take Lia to tivxneebs for traditional treatment. On the other hand, the doctors contend that Lia condition can only be controlled through antiepileptic medications, which they gave her. The contradictory paradigms of each member bring about misunderstanding of the disease. As a result, different methods for treating Lia are suggested for Lia welfare. For example, Lia’s parents failed to provide Lia with medications because they felt it would harm her, and decided to take Lia to TXIV when she grow up.            However, in both cases, the TXIV and doctor’s requirements were only the same in the fact that they both contacted the house through calls. The work of the doctor is to treat the physical symptoms. In this case, Lia’s epileptic symptoms were treated with different medication such as phenobarbital and Dilantin, whereby the dosages were directed though writing the prescription. Following the above case and given the problems that Lees had, do you think, as Fadiman asks that the â€Å"gulf†between these worlds is unbridgeable?            In my opinion, we cannon holds that the world is unbridgeable. It is only a matter of examining the problems as they occur. Taking Lia case, the doctors held that she was suffering from epilepsy, while the society held that it was Quang dab peg. This was just at this time whereby the statement can hold. In the modern world the breakthrough has developed, which also continues to develop. When Fadina was phrasing the question, she was caught between two different cultures that holds different views. There was complete discord between the doctors and the Hmong(Fadiman, 259).            The hospital staff saw as if Lia’s parent were not caring for her health, but the fact is that they cared and wanted to take her to a traditional doctor, which they had been using. Besides, her mother has been preparing salves for her every day. Therefore, it is clear that the world is bridgeable, though it depends on the people’s perception. It is a matter of time and knowledge in the usage of something, but there will always be a breakthrough in the world. Besides, it is clear that man cannot heal by science alone, there can be other form of mechanisms that can deliver treatment effectively through the cooperation between the doctor and the patient as seen through the tivxneebs doctors. People always seek for the best results to restore their life, regardless of the professionalism, but in the case for Lia, it is just because of the unbridgeable cultural gulf whereby the blame for what and who should have done the treatment should be attached ((Fadiman, 256). Some of the specific practical examples of people/groups that are trying to â€Å"bridge the gulf†in the life or the soul†           One of the relevant group that bridge the gulf in the life is the medical groups. Drawing from Fadiman claims that teaching medicine to students is a perfect job of separating students from their emotions, the various methods that are applied by medical doctors to prevent and treat illness provide the best treatment from traditional forms of treatment. The medical group spendstheir efforts and energy in research so as to provide solutions to problems that affect the society. In most cases, they come up with solutions concerning deadly disease that takes peoples life. For example, they have been able to develop measures for preventing HIV/AIDS, whereby a victim of HIV/AIDS can survive by just taking Antiretriviral drugs (ARVs). The medical groups have provided more attention since the Fadiman book was published because it incited doctors to concentrate on their profession ((Fadiman, 201).            Considering Lia last diagnoses, a health care professional who struggled for almost twelve hours to control her condition did not even noticed her sex. The physician was so dedicated to safe Lia’s life and it might be the reason that Lia survived. This shows clearly that the medical group bridge the gulf in order for the victim to survive. In most cases, the medical group does not sleep, they keep awake trying to provide services to the patients all the time.            Lia was the first Hmong to have ever heard of being treated by different doctors with the aim of saving her life. Most nurses and doctors sacrificed their energy and time to help her get well, although after all she died. Lia’s condition established the turning point to bridge the gulf for the medical group. She was the catalyst for bridging the gulf in minds and hearts and institutions and policies that impact them, thus, contributing to one of the cultural shifts whose root becomes more obscure the more its impact is experienced.            The traditional groups also provide their sacred services with the mere aim of bridging the gulf of life. Through Lia’s case, it is apparent that the TXIVneeb dedicated their effort trying to negotiate for Lia’s life. The TXIV also dedicated their time to cooperate with Lia in the negotiation process. Moreover, the TXIV conducts an effective session of psychological therapy for Lia. Therefore, the traditional groups are also concerned about the life or the soul of the victim and hadly struggle to restore the soul. References Fadiman, Anne. The spirit catches you and you fall down: a Hmong child, her American doctors, and the collision of two cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997. Print. Barnard, A. (1998). Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. London: Routledge. Haviland, W. (1996).Cultural anthropology (8th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College. Lewellen, T. (2002).The anthropology of globalization cultural anthropology enters the 21st century. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey. Barnard, A. (1998). Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. London: Routledge. Haviland, W. (1996).Cultural anthropology (8th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College. Lewellen, T. (2002).The anthropology of globalization cultural anthropology enters the 21st century. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey. Source document
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Sustainability and Walmart - 1602 Words
Walmart Stores, Inc. Strategic Initiative Preston Burrell, Sue Ford, Ketia Francois, Chris Hiniker, George Lance FIN370 July 29, 2013 Laura Haase Walmart’s Strategic Initiative Strategic planning is a goal of most if not all companies that exist. Some may use this form of planning on a small scale and meet about things such as improving satisfaction ratings or improving the company’s website. Others meet about larger goals that can change and improve the image and branding of a company. That is the case with Walmart. According to Walmart (2013), the company has been issuing a Global Responsibility Report since 2005. This report covers many areas of importance to Walmart such as talent development, healthier foods,†¦show more content†¦The company has created SVN networks to get feedback from internal and external stakeholders. They come together to develop solutions and deliver tangible results that made a difference for the business. According to â€Å"Walmart, 2013†, â€Å"Those suppliers who partner with us in building a responsible supply chain will be the suppliers who will grow with us†(Sustainability Index). Walmart’s strategic planning initiatives ensure a vast influence of their financial planning. Though Walmart places a massive significance on valuing its goods at very low-slung prices, this also marks their extra actions to be well-organized in a particular mode to exploit on the general earnings (â€Å"Walmart†, 2009). The company’s pricing policy has prepared employers in to be the marketplace forerunner in the United States. The tactical preparation creativities of the organization rely an outcome based on its values and total trades. This company consumes segment growth that can be exposed to different supplies that will broaden Walmart’s current stores, and alter the locations of the company distribution centers. In this case it creates a panel that requires a large amount of sum of principal. The high cost load for the extension of their stores has to be less; these initiatives have proven to be highly active on a complete foundation (â€Å"Wal mart†, 2009). Though this might not build a short-rangeShow MoreRelatedWalmart‚Äà ´s Sustainability Strategy1028 Words  | 5 PagesWalmart’s Sustainability Strategy Why Walmart announces sustainability strategy? There is no need to introduce its background anymore; I think everyone knows the super supermarket leader’s name which is called Walmart. Here is the point that in this case why the CEO of Walmart Scott announced to do the business sustainability strategy in 2005. The sustainability will be the most focused in the 21century when the environment get worse every day. This strategy seems that Walmart will increaseRead MoreWalmart s Environmental Impact On Sustainability1701 Words  | 7 Pagesevaluate their products relates directly to Walmart’s environmental impacts. Just looking at this aspect of this business, Walmart can be classified as a supplier. The goods they buy are then sold to the consumer through Walmart. Walmart is pursuing this project by asking their suppliers to fill out information for their Sustainability Index. Their GRI states, â€Å"The Sustainability Index gathers and analyzes information across a product’s life cycleâ€â€from sourcing, manufacturing and transporting, to sellingRead MoreSustainability Strategy For Walmart Wal Mart2465 Words  | 10 Pages2014 ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY FOR WALMART Walmart has initiated its sustainability efforts aimed towards hundred percent renewable energy, zero waste and product sustainability. The company has successfully identified its pain points and already achieved success in achieving quick internal process improvements. The company also envisioned and established broader strategy to make sustainability a core of its operations and business model. 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One strategy that Walmart wants to promote to their suppliers is for all of them to take up the Marine Stewardship Council’s certificationRead MoreWhy Sustainability Is Now The Key Driver Of Innovation1374 Words  | 6 PagesBusiness Review (HBR) article, â€Å"Why Sustainability is now the Key Driver of Innovation†, the contributors argue against the common view: that as businesses become more environmentally friendly they become less competitive and profitable (Nidumolu, Prahalad, Rangaswami, 2009) The contributors go on to say that companies who initiate environmental sustainability will develop competencies that competitors won’t be able to match and that ultimately, â€Å"sustainability wi ll always be an integral part ofRead MoreSustainability in Australian Business: Principles and Practice1420 Words  | 6 PagesThe Relevance of Sustainability in Marketing Decision Making Introduction Sustainable marketing calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions that meet the present needs of consumers and businesses while preserving and enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Kotler amp; Armstrong 2012, p. 582). The aim of sustainable marketing is to satisfy the customer’s the needs and wants while also putting high emphasis on the environment and the social issues and thusRead MoreWalmart s Mission Statement : Walmart And Starbucks Essay1560 Words  | 7 PagesWalmart and Starbucks are both huge multinational corporations. Walmart is the largest retailers in regards to revenue and the largest private employer in the world. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse around the world and has over 17,000 stores in over 50 countries. In regards to sustainability and the triple bottom line, these two companies have different strategies. This is clear in their mission statements. Walmart’s mission statement is â€Å"saving people money so they can live better†(FergusonRead MoreWalmarts Sustainable Business Development1666 Words  | 7 PagesWalmart’s Sustainable Business Development The purpose of this paper is to introduce you to the role of sustainable business philosophies and practices of Walmart as well as looking at Walmart’s strategic management perspectives and what type of impact and influences they have on the external forces in the industry. While also focusing on Walmart’s concept of value creation applied to SBD (sustainable business development) and their strategies. Defining Sustainable business philosophies are a system
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Internal Analysis Apple - 1602 Words
Internal Analysis Tangible resources Apple’s tangible resources are extensive and widely documented despite the company’s high level of security in matters of design. The value of analysing the tangible assets of the organisation lies in the determination of the potential for the creation of competitive advantage (Grant 2007). In terms of financial resources, the case quotes Apple’s market capitalisation is approximately US $550 billion, with sales annually over $100 billion. This makes Apple the most valuable publicly traded company in the world. The share price currently stands at around $600, merely 12 years after Steve Jobs’ return to the company, where the share price was $5. Apple’s physical resources include 362 retail stores world†¦show more content†¦While most companies can hope to have one or maybe two core competencies, the success that Apple has seen in the past few decades in the global commercial electronics industry has been unprecedented. This has been largely due to the innovation and entrepreneurial quality that has stemmed from the design team and Jobs’ influence in creating products that consumers desire on an ongoing basis. The use of a platform strategy has seen the success of a multitude of products which have offered countless benefits to both Apple itself, and their customers, who can use the same software, hardware, accessories and production between products. Finally, the simple, elegant look and usability of Apple products across the brand has proven to be the core capability that no other company can par. Value Chain Analysis Primary Activities Inbound Logistics Apple works with third party manufacturers in the production process to create their superior products, while maintaining a level of quality control. The unique hardware system has also allowed for Apple to be produced entirely from scratch with a unique operating system. Operations Apple capitalises on economies ofShow MoreRelatedApple Internal Analysis1156 Words  | 5 Pagesrevenue, especially with the iPod and the accessibility on Windows platform. †¢Ã‚   Apple Computer are expert in Developing own software and hardware. †¢Ã‚   Apple’s niche audience provides the company with some lagging from the direct price competition. †¢Ã‚   Giving a face-lift to desktop and notebook lines. †¢Ã‚   Web technology can be used to improve product awareness and sales. †¢Ã‚   Low debtâ€â€more maneuverable. †¢Ã‚   Apple Computers have good brand loyalty. †¢Ã‚   Partnership with Intel Computers in 2006Read MoreInternal And External Analysis Of Apple Inc.991 Words  | 4 PagesApple Inc. under its founder Steve Jobs in 1976 has been involved in designing, manufacturing and selling of various products including notebook computers, iPhones, iLife, iPods, OS X operating system as well as accessories associated with these products. Apple has therefore maintained a robust competitive advantage in the media industry as well as computer software due to its adoption of high innovation technology and a renowned brand name. The aim of this paper is to explain and conduct an internalRead MoreInternal And External Analysis Of Apple Inc.1397 Words  | 6 Pagespaper will provide both an internal and external analysis of Apple Inc. and the industry it operates in, as well as its general competitive strategy from the case ‘Apple Inc. in 2012.’ Although it may be difficult to pinpoint just one specific industry that Apple operates in, when looking at the products (personal computers, MP3 players, and smartphones) and services (music streaming and cloud storage services) they provide to buyers, one can make the argument that Apple operates broadly in the technologyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Internal Environment Of Apple And Makes Managerial Recommendations2401 Words  | 10 Pagesdifficult because of poor planning and stiff competition. Effective business management begins with the internal analysis of the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats of a company (Valentin, 2001). This paper conducts an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats available in the internal environment of Apple and makes managerial recommendations. 2.0 Background Apple is an American based company specializing in the manufacture of electronic products mainly computersRead MoreMgt 498963 Words  | 4 Pagesthe primary components of the strategic management process. The paper will indicate the importance of why a company should use the strategic management process. Finally, the paper will close with the discussion of the research that found regarding Apple describing the strategic management process that the company uses in it implementation of a new idea. Primary Components of Strategic Management Process During this week’s assignments, the authors discussed the primary components of the strategicRead MoreApple Annual Report Analysis996 Words  | 4 PagesApple Annual Report Analysis Introduction As of May 15, 2012 Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) has a market capitalization rate of $522B and an impressive trailing Price/Earnings Ratio of 13.62. These figures combined show that private and institutional investors both see value in this stock and are positive about its future prospects. For its latest fiscal year, Apple recorded $142.3B and a Net Income of $38.6B (Apple Investor Relations, 2012). The latest Apple Annual Report, which the majority of whichRead MoreE Business Strategy : Case Study1035 Words  | 5 Pagese-business strategy case: Apple 1. Explain what an e-business strategy is in terms of its importance in planning and controlling organisation’s e-business. 2. Strategic analysis 3. Strategic objectives Ad 1. 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Some of the company’s financial figures obtained from its recently published 2011 unaudited financial reports such as the income statementRead MoreApple Juice As A Critical Review Outline For The Written Final Exam1444 Words  | 6 PagesMethod for Patulin Detection in Apple Juice - A Critical Review Outline for the Written Final Exam I) Introduction: A) Information about the research article: 1) Full Citation: Xiao, H.; Fu, S. J. AOAC Int. 2012, 95, 1709–1712. 2) Title: â€Å"A Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice.†3) Goal/Thesis: To develop, improve, and validate an existing AOAC method for trace level detection of patulin in apple juice products by GC-MS. 4) OverallRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Apple Company s Management Team1380 Words  | 6 Pagesof companies that utilize these tools are the Apple Company Inc. ideally; this is one of the international companies. Its operations get globally vested. This essay aims at assessing the usefulness and the limitations of SWOT and PEST use in Apple Company. The company’s management team of Apple Company dominantly uses these tools. They have their predominant advantages as well as disadvantages that the management team has to address duly. SWOT analysis tries to establish the affirmative strengths
Friday, December 20, 2019
Should Abortion Be Legal - 883 Words
Abortion is has been a hot topic, since federal law protected a woman s right to choose an abortion in the court case Roe v. Wade decision in 1973 (â€Å"How Did Abortion Become Legal?†). Roe v. Wade was a woman named Norma McCorvey who was not married but was pregnant who wanted an abortion. The Texas law denied her request to get an abortion, so she filled a federal lawsuit to have the Texas law declared unconstitutional. She argued that it was her right to decide if she wanted to get an abortion or not. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed with her and she was allowed to get an abortion (â€Å"How Did Abortion Become Legal?†). Since 1973, pro-life activists have mentioned things that might make you think twice about getting an abortion. Pro-life supporter’s arguments against abortion often lacks the truth. Therefore, pro-life activists should use credible evidence to support their accusations. The first fact that pro-life activist has stated to support their fight against abortion is that abortion can cause breast cancer. A brochure written by pro-life supports stated, â€Å"The Institute of Medicine lists abortion as a risk factor for having a premature birth in subsequent pregnancies†¦early premature birth increases the mother’s breast cancer risk (Abortion Raises Breast Cancer Risk). However, studies have proven that abortion causing breast cancer is a myth. According to the American Cancer Institute, in February 2003, a panel of experts convened by the National Cancer Institute toShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words  | 7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words  | 4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words  | 6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words  | 5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words  | 7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words  | 5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words  | 5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day†(â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words  | 4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words  | 4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words  | 4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Behavioural and Cognitiveâ€ÂÂBehavioural Therapy
Question: Discuss about the Behavioural and Cognitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Behavioural Therapy. Answer: Part 1 Psychological perspective Key characteristics of the perspective used to explain the cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Analysis of the perspective to effectively explain the cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Psychodynamic The psychodynamic perspective advocated by Freud emphasizes the role of adverse interpersonal relationships on the development of OCD among the predisposed individuals (Stein Stone, 1997, p. 14). Psychoanalysis models attributing to theories of object relations, interpersonal bonding, classical drive and ego psychology provide the psychodynamic context of the establishment of OCD across the community environment. Patients affected with family history of psychosocial conditions and stressful circumstances in life exhibit the potential defects in interpersonal relationships, and their negative thoughts and distressed emotions predispose them towards the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its associated manifestations (Mayo-Clinic, 2016). Cognitive The perspective advocated by cognitive theory emphasizes the influence of environmental factors, psychosocial conditions, disrupted behaviour and impaired beliefs on the development of OCD among the predisposed individuals (Matusiewicz, et al., 2011). The gradual and consistent decline in cognitive development of patients elevates the severity of their OCD manifestations that subsequently require the administration of rehabilitative cognitive behavioural interventions by psychologists for remediating the progression of OCD among the affected patients. The cognitive perspective deals with the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of the individuals that considerably influence the pattern of their intellect and cognition across the community environment. The adverse and intrusive thought processes lead to the development of skewed feelings that resultantly facilitate the development of the pattern of psychosocial stress anxiety and repetitive behaviour among the affected patients (Anon., 2010). Genetic The genetic perspective advocates the considerable influence of genetic factors in the development of OCD across the community environment. Evidence-based research literature recognizes the genetic traits of OCD in terms of familial attributes that transfer from one generation to another and exhibit the pattern of OCD among individuals under the influence of environmental factors (Pauls, 2010). Furthermore, pre-existing psychosocial conditions also elevate the risk of the affected patients in terms of the development of OCD across the community environment. The genetic theory indicates that the children of the OCD patients experience greater predisposition towards acquiring the manifestations of OCD in comparison to the children who exhibit no family history of the progression of this disease in their previous generations. The co-morbid states of individuals might also facilitate the development of OCD in the context of a genetic relationship between both morbidities. Biological The sustained defect in the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulum of human brain leads to the development of repetitive behavioural pattern, which is indicative of the progression of OCD among the affected patients (Fan Xiao, 2013). Evidence-based research literature advocates the pattern of hyperactivity in the basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex regions of the brain as a significant cause of the development of depression among the OCD patients (Beucke, et al., 2013). Research studies advocate the relationship of various infectious conditions (including influenza, encephalitis and streptococcal infection) and the development of OCD across the community environment (Boileau, 2011). The biological perspective relates the pattern of hyperactivity across the brain networks to the development of OCD manifestations among the affected patients. The structural as well as functional defects in the brain circuits might result from the inappropriate administration of therapeutic regimen, environmental factors, genetic predisposition or other miscellaneous causes requiring the organization of prospective clinical studies for delineating the biological basis of OCD development among the affected patients. The development of infectious conditions and their associated manifestations leads to the onset of autoimmune response against basal ganglia resulting in its sustained dysfunction among the affected individuals. The abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia leads to the reciprocal development of abnormal alterations in the activity of the human brain that facilitates the establishment of OCD among the affected patients. Part 2 Psychological perspective Brief description of studies offered to support the perspectives explanation for OCD Evaluation of the methods of data gathering used by each perspective Cognitive Research by (Cordeiro, et al., 2015) explored the relationship of the symptom dimensions of OCD with the dysfunctional belief pattern. The findings of the research study advocated the pattern of reciprocal relationship between the thought processes related to perfectionism with the symptoms related to symmetry and aggressive dimensions. However, thought processes related to responsibility resulted in the beliefs of religious and sexual dimensions. The study could not track a pattern of linear relationship between the belief domains (including uncertainty tolerance, threat estimation, control and significance of thoughts) and the corresponding symptom manifestations experienced by the patients affected with OCD. However, the findings predicted the influence of cross-cultural variations on the level of cognition of the patients affected with OCD manifestations. Interview sessions were conducted with the study subjects in the context of ascertaining the diagnosis of obsessive- compulsive disorder. The pattern of relationship between the symptoms dimensions and the obsessive beliefs evaluated with the deployment of D-YBOCS (Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale). Impairment scores of patients calculated for determining the severity of their psychosocial symptoms in relation to the established pattern of OCD. Regression analysis of impairment scores (i.e. DYBOCS) executed in the context of evaluating the severity of OCD symptoms and their relationship with the thought processes of the affected patients. The data regarding the co-morbid states attributing to anxiety and depressive states also taken into account in the context of discarding the confounding effect of these conditions on the overall results of the study. Biological Case control cross-sectional research study by (Beucke, et al., 2013) evaluated the structural as well as functional alterations in the brain of individuals affected with the pattern of OCD across the community environment. The findings of this research study revealed the level of hyper- connectivity between the basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex regions of the brain that is responsible for the psychosocial manifestations experienced by the patients of OCD. The sustained abnormality in the orbitofrontal cortex of human brain disrupts the process of learning as well as decision-making, which becomes the cause of the obsessions experienced by the subjects affected with OCD. Demographic data of the non-medicated OCD patients included their age, gender, IQ level, education level, STAI-X1 and X2 traits, OCI-R, BDI, Y-BOCS, MADRS and mean interscan movement. However, the data obtained after interviewing the study subjects by a licensed psychologist and the psychosocial co-morbid states of the patients identified accordingly. The data related to the MRI findings of the selected OCD subjects statistically analyzed for determining the extent and level of the brain dysfunction experienced by the patient affected with OCD pattern. Part 3 Introduction The presented analysis of the case study attempts to track and identify the attribution of the psychosocial perspectives in the assessment and effective treatment of various states of consciousness, emotional conditions and behavioural patterns experienced by the patients affected with obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD patients remain affected with intrusive thoughts that compel them to experience the fearful situations leading to the development of states of restlessness and obsession. The manifestations attributing to the disturbed sleep physiology and hyperactivity of brain regions result in the gradual deterioration of the psychosocial profile of the affected individuals. Treatment interventions like cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) proves to be an effective tool in relieving the state of distress experienced by patients affected with OCD across the community environment. The presented patient scenario describes the fear of 26 years old Diana in stepping on the pavement cracks. This particular behaviour of the patient warrants the configuration of the pattern of therapeutic communication by the healthcare professional in the context of efficiently evaluating the detrimental effects of the disfigured thought process of the patient on her quality of life across the community environment. Indeed, with the utilization of good communication pattern, the healthcare professional attains the privilege of administering tailor-made and culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions in accordance with the individualized requirements and mental care needs of the affected patient (NICE, 2006). The configuration of support groups in the context of motivating the patient for attaining the attribute of self-help proves effective in elevating the wellness outcomes and decreasing the burden of OCD manifestations from the society. The fear of the patient in terms of experiencing adverse events in the absence of execution of a ritual is another indication of the intrusive thoughts experienced by the patient during the course of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ritual prevention intervention in this particular scenario proves to be advantageous in terms of reducing the state of fear and anxiety of the patient in the absence of the execution of the ritual convention (Foa, 2010). This psychological intervention restrains the patient in practicing the religious custom or ritual, in relation to which he/she experiences the fear of adverse events or disastrous circumstances. The absence of adverse events during the course of ritual prevention makes the patient realize the false implications of his/her intrusive thoughts in relation to the practice of rituals and this resultantly decreases the state of his anxiety, fear and depression of the patient across the community environment. The patient scenario emphasizes the fear of the patient in terms of harming her own children at bedtime under the influence of disfigured thoughts. Exposure and response prevention strategy (ERP) proves useful in decreasing the adverse psychosocial manifestations experienced by the patient in relation to the detrimental thought processes (Seibell Hollander, 2014). Repeated (planned) exposure to the fearful circumstances decreases negative thoughts of the patient in terms of executing homicidal activities across the residential premises. The prevention of the patients strangling activity in the present clinical scenario will make her realise and experience the absence of homicidal activity and eventually her fearful attitude and anxiety in relation to the bedtime obsession will decrease considerably. The presented patient scenario describes the lack of confident memory of the OCD patient requiring the administration of psychosocial interventions for elevating the mental health of the affected patient. Evidence-based research literature emphasizes the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in terms of elevating the social functioning of the OCD patient across the community environment (Vandborg, et al., 2016). Improved social functioning might influence the level of confident memory; however, the organization of prospective research studies necessarily warranted for evaluating direct influence of CBT on the memory outcomes of the OCD patient. The patient scenario displays the familial progression of OCD traits (i.e. the OCD characteristics experienced by Dianas children in the similar manner that Diana experienced during her childhood). Evidence-based research literature emphasizes the requirement of family based CBT approach for the effective treatment of pediatric patients affected with the pattern of CBT across the community environment. The family based CBT advocates the administration of psychoeducation strategies for effectively reducing the anxiety-provoking cognitive state of pediatric patients affected with OCD manifestations (Marien, et al., 2013). The children and their parents acquire adaptive behaviours following the consistent exposure to CBT across the clinical setting. The healthcare professionals during the course of CBT encourage the pediatric patients in terms of their engagement in extra-curricular activities and modify their external environment in the context of reducing its impact of on their psychosocial behaviour. The parents of affected children require their participation in the educational sessions for elevating their knowledge regarding the manifestations of OCD and their implications on the pattern of mental health of the pediatric patients. The parents resultantly facilitate the execution of CBT while coordinating with the healthcare professionals and assisting in the management of OCD by providing regular feedback of the mental manifestations of their children to the treating physicians. Eviden ce-based research literature emphasizes the influence of cultural variations and gender differences on the psychosocial manifestations of pediatric patients affected with obsessive-compulsive disorder (Cardwell Flanagan, 2003, p. 133). Banduras social cognitive theory advocates the promotion of self-observation skills among the individuals in the context of modifying the self-response pattern for improving the behavioural outcomes (Cardwell Flanagan, 2003, p. 146). The incorporation of Banduras convention in CBT assists the OCD patients in elevating their self-efficacy pattern, overcoming their fears and improving their response to the administered treatment interventions by the healthcare professionals (Wilhelm, et al., 2015). This indicates the scope of modification in cognitive behavioural strategies in the context of reducing the establishment of emotional complications, detrimental thought processes and disfigured behavioural patterns experienced by the affected patients unde r the influence of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion The manifestations of OCD pose several threats to the quality of life of affected patients and their effective mitigation necessarily required in the context of improving the state of wellness and mental health of the patient population. The findings in the evidence-based research literature advocate the requirement of the concomitant administration of pharmacotherapeutic and psychological approaches for the effective treatment of the manifestations of OCD across the community environment. Furthermore, the organization of awareness sessions for the common masses as well as healthcare professionals warranted in the context of administering preventive interventions for reducing the scope of progression of OCD manifestations among the predisposed patients. The determination of the etiology of OCD by the research community highly required in the context of modifying the treatment strategies for improving the state of mind and thought processes of the patients affected with obsessive-comp ulsive disorder. References Anon., 2010. Behavioural and cognitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ behavioural therapy for obsessiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Dabase of Systematic Reviews. Beucke, J. C. et al., 2013. Abnormally high degree connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(6), pp. 619-629. Boileau, B., 2011. A review of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 13(4), pp. 401-411. Cardwell, M. Flanagan, C., 2003. Psychology A2: The Complete Companion. USA: Nelson Thornes. Cordeiro, T., Sharma, M. P., Thennarasu, K. Reddy, Y. C. J., 2015. Symptom Dimensions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive Beliefs. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(4), pp. 403-408. Fan, Q. Xiao, Z., 2013. Neuroimaging studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in China. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 25(2), pp. 81-90. Foa, E. B., 2010. Cognitive behavioral therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(2), pp. 199-207. Marien, W. E., Storch, E. A., Geffken, G. R. Murphy, T. K., 2013. Intensive Family-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Applications for Treatment of Medication Partial- or Nonresponders. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(3). Matusiewicz, A. K., Hopwood, C. J., Banducci, A. N. Lejuez, C. W., 2011. The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Personality Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), pp. 657-685. Mayo-Clinic, 2016. Diseases and Conditions - OCD. [Online] Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ocd/basics/risk-factors/con-20027827 [Accessed 07 09 2016]. NICE, 2006. The experience of people withOCD and BDD and their families and carers. In: bsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Core Interventions in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. UK: British Psychological Society. Pauls, D. L., 2010. The genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(2), pp. 149-163. Seibell, P. J. Hollander, E., 2014. Management of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. F1000Prime Reports, 6(68). Stein, D. J. Stone, M. H., 1997. Essential Papers on Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. New York: New York University Press. Vandborg, S. K. et al., 2016. Can memory and executive functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder predict outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy?. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(3), pp. 183-189. Wilhelm, S. et al., 2015. Mechanisms of Change in Cognitive Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Role of Maladaptive Beliefs and Schemas. Behaviour Research and Therapy, pp. 51-10.
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